Darlington N Onyejike^{1, 2} , Ugochukwu S Aguwa¹, Arinzechukwu P Nwabueze¹

¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra state, Nigeria; ²Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

For correspondence:-  Darlington Onyejike   Email: dn.onyejike@unizik.edu.ng   Tel:+2348061131867

Received: 5 March 2025        Accepted: 18 July 2025        Published: 31 July 2025

Citation: Onyejike DN, Aguwa US, Nwabueze AP. Histopathological effects of D’General Bitters on the pancreas of male adult Wistar rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2025; 24(7):895-901 doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v24i7.6

© 2025 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the histopathological effect of D’General Bitters (a herbal drink) on the pancreas of adult male Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats (90 – 160 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5). Group A (control) received food and water only, while Groups B, C and D were administered 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mL of D’General Bitters daily, respectively, for six weeks. Blood samples and organs were collected for analyses of serum lipase, amylase and insulin levels. Results: Pancreatic histology in control group showed normal architecture. Group B showed mild β-cell reduction, while Groups C and D exhibited moderate β-cell reduction. Acinar cells and α-cells of the Islets of Langerhans remained normal across all groups. Serum lipase and insulin levels differed significantly between control and experimental groups (p > 0.05). Serum amylase levels were significantly (p > 0.05) different in Groups C and D compared to control, but were non-significant in Group B. Conclusion: D’General bitters induce dose-related biochemical and histological changes in the pancreas of Wistar rats, suggesting potential pancreatic toxicity with prolonged or high-dose use. Public health education and regulatory scrutiny are recommended to ensure safe use of such herbal formulations.

Keywords: Acinar cells, Beta cells, Diabetes, Diarrhoea, Pancreatitis This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does

Impact Factor
Thompson Reuters (ISI): 0.6 (2023)
H-5 index (Google Scholar): 49 (2023)