Aria Chandra Gunawan Triwibowo Soedomo¹, Syafina Hanif Fauzziyyah¹, Indry Nufikha Fajrin², Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto², Greesty Finotory Swandiny³, Vinessa Gracia Putri⁴, Sucipto Kokadir⁴, Edward Basilianus⁴, Syamsudin Abdillah⁵

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12640; ²Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor; ³Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12640; ⁴PT Natura Nuswantara Nirmala, South Tangerang, Banten 15229; ⁵Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.

For correspondence:-  Syamsudin Abdillah   Email: syamsudin.abdillah@univpancasila.ac.id   Tel:+62-82128806234

Received: 3 January 2025        Accepted: 16 September 2025        Published: 30 September 2025

Citation: Soedomo AG, Fauzziyyah SH, Fajrin IN, Priosoeryanto BP, Swandiny GF, Putri VG, et al. Effect of Polyherbal X administration on malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase activity, and hippocampal histopathology in rat models of ischemic stroke. Trop J Pharm Res 2025; 24(9):1157-1165 doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v24i9.8

© 2025 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To assess the effect of polyherbal X containing Moringa oleifera L., Phyllanthus niruri L., and Nigella sativa L. on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and hippocampal histopathology in rat models of ischemic stroke. Methods: This study examined seven groups of male Wistar rats, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, and four treatment groups with graded doses of polyherbal mixture, viz. 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). These rats were subject to ischemic stroke induction using a single intraperitoneal administration of trimethyltin chloride (0.5 mg/kg BW). Polyherbal X was administered orally to rat models of ischemic stroke in treatment groups once daily for 2 weeks. After that, blood samples were analyzed for their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and hippocampal histopathology was determined. Results: Rat models in the group treated with 400 mg/kg BW of polyherbal X had the lowest MDA level (1.68 nmol/mL) and the highest SOD activity (190.33 U/mL). The effective dose of polyherbal X was 200 mg/kg BW, which resulted in MDA level of 2.25 nmol/mL and SOD activity of 184.44 U/mL. Furthermore, histopathological analysis revealed that polyherbal X at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the number of damaged neurons (p < 0.05), with results comparable to those of positive control. Conclusion: Polyherbal X significantly affects MDA levels and SOD activity, ultimately reducing neuronal damage in rat models of ischemic stroke.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera L, Phyllanthus niruri L, Nigella sativa L, Ischemic stroke, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase

Impact Factor
Thompson Reuters (ISI): 0.6 (2023)
H-5 index (Google Scholar): 49 (2023)