Dwi Wahyu Indrawati^1,2 , Ernie Maduratna Setiawatie³, Retno Pudji Rahayu⁴, Rini Devijanti Ridwan⁵, Hendrik Setia Budi⁵, Coen Pramono⁶, Ida Bagus Narmada^7,8, Anita Yuliati⁹, Devi Rianti¹⁰, Hari Basuki Notobroto¹¹, Rizky Briliant Syah Manurung¹², Vania Surya Riyadi¹³

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different molecular weights and concentrations of bovine pericardium membranes (BPM) - hyaluronic acid (HA) complex on Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells' viability and cytotoxicity. Methods: Bovine pericardium membranes-HA complex were divided into seven groups, namely Group A (1300 kDa HA, 0.5 %), Group B (1300 kDa HA, 1.0 %), Group C (1300 kDa HA, 2.0 %), Group D (120 kDa HA, 0.5 %), Group E (120 kDa HA, 1.0 %), Group F (120 kDa HA, 2.0 %), and Group G (unmodified BPM). Baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21 cells) were exposed for 24 h. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay), and cytotoxicity was observed morphologically. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The 1.0 % 1300 kDa HA group achieved the highest cell viability (96.70 %), which was significantly higher compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.000). Both molecular weights peaked at 1.0 % with slight decreases at 2.0 %, indicating a threshold effect. The unmodified bovine pericardium membrane had the lowest viability (82.84 %), with significant differences (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Incorporating 1.0 % high-molecular-weight BPM-HA enhances the biocompatibility of bovine pericardium membranes, supporting application in regenerative biomaterials.