Obazi A Oham¹, Aniekeme N Inyang² , Margaret A Agiang¹, Josephine E Egbung³, John E Mgbang¹, Ude C Sunday¹, Ediye O Ottoho¹, Nzem C Chidubem¹

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the functional properties, hydrogen cyanide content, and heavy metal concentration of Garri sold in the three Senatorial Districts of Cross River State, Nigeria. Methods: Twenty-seven Garri samples were collected from three markets in each Senatorial District. Swelling index, water and oil absorption capacities, bulk density, pH, and moisture content were evaluated using standard methods. Hydrogen cyanide and heavy metals (chromium, lead, cadmium, iron, and arsenic) were also analyzed using standard procedures. Results: Water and oil absorption capacity, swelling index, bulk density, and pH of Garri were within the WHO/FAO permissible limits, while moisture content in all samples exceeded the recommended maximum of 10 % for stored cassava flour. However, hydrogen cyanide levels differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the three Senatorial districts, with the lowest mean value recorded in Yakurr location of Central Senatorial District (16.89 ± 0.65 mg/kg) and the highest in Calabar location of the Southern Senatorial District (22.28 ± 0.87 mg/kg). The levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic were within permissible food safety limits, whereas iron and chromium levels exceeded the allowable limit. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while Garri sold in Cross River State markets generally meet acceptable functional quality standards, elevated moisture content and significant variation in hydrogen cyanide and chromium levels may pose potential health risks to consumers.