Research Article

 

Formulation of Sodium Alginate Nanospheres Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Systemic Candidiasis

 

Shanmugasundaram Sangeetha*, Dhandapani Nagasamy Venkatesh, Rajendran Adhiyaman, Kumaraswamy Santhi, and  Bhojraj Suresh

Centre for Research and Post-graduate studies JSS College of Pharmacy Ooty-643 001. The Nilgiris, India.

 

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2007; 6(1): 653-659

ISSN: 1596-599

 

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this work was to formulate sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B by controlled gellification method and to evaluate the role of the nanospheres as a “passive carrier” in targeted antifungal therapy.

Methods: Sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B were prepared by controlled gellification method, and the particle size analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The carrier capacity of sodium alginate was evaluated in terms of drug to polymer ratio. In vitro release study was carried out on all drug loaded nanospheres by the dialysis method. Release kinetics of drug from different drug loaded nanospheres was also determined. The in vivo antifungal efficacy of nanospheres bound drug vis-à-vis the free drug was evaluated in candidiasis- induced mice models.

Results: Preparation of nanospheres through controlled gellification method yielded particles with a size range of 419.6 ± 0.28 nm. Studies on drug to polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between concentration of drug and drug loading capacity. In vitro release kinetic study revealed that the release of drug from the nanospheres followed Fickian diffusion. In vivo studies showed that the nanosphere-bound drug produced a higher antifungal efficacy than the free drug.

Conclusion: The formulated sodium alginate nanospheres containing amphotericin B was found to have better antifungal activity when compared to the free drug and also yielded sustained in vitro release.

Keywords: Nanospheres, sodium alginate, amphotericin B, controlled gellification method, in vitro & in vivo release