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Original Research Article
In vitro Cytotoxic, Antibacterial
and Antiviral Activities of Triterpenes from the Red Sea
Sponge, Siphonochalina siphonella
Shaza M Al-Massarani1*,
Ali A El-Gamal1,2, Mansour S Al-Said1,
Sultan S Al-Lihaibi3 and Omar A Basoudan1
1Department of Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457,
Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, 2Department of
Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,
El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt, 3Department of
Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi
Arabia
*For correspondence:
Email:
salmassarani@ksu.edu.sa
Received: 11 October 2014
Revised accepted: 12
December 2014
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,
January 2015;
14(1): 33-40
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v14i1.6
Abstract
Purpose: To study the phytochemical
composition of Siphonochalina siphonella sponge from the
western coast of the Red Sea and to evaluate the
isolates for possible in vitro cytotoxic, antibacterial
and antiviral activities.
Methods: The compounds obtained were
isolated and purified by different chromatographic
means. Their structures were established by means of
spectral analysis including 1D 1H and 13C
and 2D correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and
high resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS). Crystal
violet staining method (CVS) was used for the assessment
of the cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 human
cell lines, while agar-well diffusion method was
employed to measure antimicrobial activity against two
Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. The
antiviral activity was determined by the inhibition of
cytopathic effect (CPE) in susceptible mammalian cells.
Results: Four triterpenes,
possessing two different skeletons, were isolated and
identified as sipholenone A, sipholenol A, neviotine A
and sipholenol L. All four compounds were significantly
cytotoxic to MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines (p <
0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50
(the inhibitory concentration required to reduce cell
survival by 50 %) in range 2.8 - 19.2 μg/mL. The highest
antibacterial activity was observed for neviotine A
(Compound 3) against Bacillis subtilis (17.2 ± 0.58). On
the other hand, all the compounds showed moderate to
weak anti-viral activity.
Conclusion: The findings reveal the
strong cytotoxic activity of all the isolated
triterpenes from the Red Sea Sponge, S. siphonella.
Sipholenone A (Compound 1) displayed significant
cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell
lines with IC50 = 3.0 and 2.8 μM,
respectively.
Keywords: Red Sea Sponge,
Siphonochalina siphonella, Triterpenes, Cancer cells,
Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, Antiviral |
